Exim
Exim is the MTA(Mail Transfer Agent) that cPanel utilizes. Exim has three primary logs, but only two of these logs contain useful information
/var/log/exim_mainlog
The exim_mainlog contains ALL interactions that exim handles, so both incoming and outgoing mail transactions.
/var/log/exim_rejectlog
The exim_rejectlog contains all connection attempts that were denied. This information is also logged in the exim_mainlog.
cPanel
cPanel does log all http traffic to WHM, webmail, and cPanel access. All cPanel logs are located in the /usr/local/cpanel/logs directory.
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log
This access_log contains all traffic to WHM, cPanel, and webmail over http.
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/error_log
This error_log contains all errors that occur when accessing a cPanel related site over http or https.
FTP
Regardless of the FTP server you use, cPanel logs all connections, uploads, and downloads into the system messages log file located at
/var/log/messages
All FTP transactions are recorded in messages. This file also has a lot of other messages with the FTP transactions.
MySQL
The MySQL log will contain all actions related to start/stop/restart of the service along with errors if any.
/var/lib/mysql/hostname.err
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